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- NOBEL PRIZES, Page 71Playing Chess with Nature
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- A master builder of life's complex molecules
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- CHEMISTRY
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- Whatever glamour there is these days in organic chemistry
- -- the study of the complex, carbon-based molecules that are
- the basis of life -- adheres mostly to the genetic engineers,
- those futuristic scientists who turn living cells into tiny
- factories for drugs and other substances. But the fact is that
- most pharmaceutically useful compounds are made the
- old-fashioned way, by combining reagents in a laboratory flask.
- Last week the Royal Swedish Academy returned to the roots of
- the science. Elias James Corey, 62, who won the Nobel Prize for
- Chemistry, is an organic chemist's chemist, a master of the art
- of making biological molecules one painstaking step at a time.
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- In a long career at Harvard, Corey and his students have
- synthesized some 100 important drugs and natural substances,
- including the hormone-like prostaglandins used both to treat
- infertility and to induce abortions. Two years ago, his group
- synthesized the active substance in a Chinese folk medicine,
- taken from the ginkgo tree, that is now widely administered as
- a treatment for asthma and circulation disorders. But he was
- also honored last week for a broader intellectual achievement:
- pioneering "retrosynthetic analysis," an approach to building
- molecules that Roald Hoffmann, a Nobel-winning chemist himself,
- likens to a chess game with nature.
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- Corey taught a generation of chemists to think like those
- chess masters who start with their vision of a winning board
- position and then work backward. His method for breaking down
- compounds, bond by bond, into smaller and smaller components
- is so rigorously logical that it can be taught to a computer,
- although Corey says it will be some time before chemistry has
- the equivalent of a computerized Kasparov.
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